Which navigation system operates without external radio signals by using internal sensors?

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Multiple Choice

Which navigation system operates without external radio signals by using internal sensors?

Explanation:
An inertial navigation system operates without external radio signals by using internal sensors to track motion. It relies on accelerometers to measure linear acceleration and gyroscopes to measure angular rates, then integrates these measurements to determine velocity and position from a known starting point. Because it doesn’t depend on ground- or space-based signals, it can function in signal-denied environments, but the calculated position drifts over time due to sensor biases and noise, so periodic alignment or updates are needed to keep accuracy. The other options depend on external signals (ground beacons or satellites), so they don’t fit the description.

An inertial navigation system operates without external radio signals by using internal sensors to track motion. It relies on accelerometers to measure linear acceleration and gyroscopes to measure angular rates, then integrates these measurements to determine velocity and position from a known starting point. Because it doesn’t depend on ground- or space-based signals, it can function in signal-denied environments, but the calculated position drifts over time due to sensor biases and noise, so periodic alignment or updates are needed to keep accuracy. The other options depend on external signals (ground beacons or satellites), so they don’t fit the description.

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